The Seed Biology Place

The Plant Cell 21: 3803-3822 (2009)

**Ethylene interacts with abscisic acid to regulate endosperm rupture during germination: a comparative approach using Lepidium sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana ^[W][OA]**

Ada Linkies, Kerstin Müller, Karl Morris, Veronika Turecková, Meike Wenk, Cassandra S. C. Cadman, Françoise Corbineau, Miroslav Strnad, James R. Lynn, William E. Finch-Savage, Gerhard Leubner-Metzger

University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany / Plant Physiology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Web: 'The Seed Biology Place' http://www.seedbiology.de (A.L., Ke.M., M.W., G.L.-M.)
Warwick Horticulture Research International (HRI), Warwick University, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom (Ka.M., C.S.C.C., J.R.L., W.E.F.-S.)
Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (V.T., M.S.)
Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Germination et Dormance des Semences, UR5, Site d'Ivry, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C.)

Received July 23, 2009; Returned for revision October 12, 2009; Accepted November 17, 2009; Published December 18, 2009
www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.109.070201

Figure 6. The effect of ethylene and ABA on the germination of Arabidopsis thaliana: wild type (Col) and ethylene-related mutants (aco2 and ctr1).

(A) The effect of the ethylene precursor ACC on testa and endosperm rupture of wild-type seeds incubated on medium without (CON) or with NBD or ABA for 38 h.

(B) The effect of ACC on the germination rates GR50% (= 1/t50%) of wild-type and ethylene-related mutants incubated on medium with ABA. Numbers above the columns are GR50% ratios (ABA±ACC). Inset: GRX% ratios at other percentages of endosperm rupture. Incubation conditions: continuous light, 24°C, no cold stratification. Medium additions, as indicated: 1 µM ABA, 1 mM ACC, and 100 µL/L NBD. Mean values ±SE of 3 x 50 seeds are presented. For detailed time courses, see Supplemental Figure 2 online.

Synopsis: Tissue weakening of the endosperm is required to allow radicle protrusion during seed germination. Cross-species work including tissue-specific transcriptome analysis and biomechanical measurement of endosperm weakening provided a new mechanistic model that explains how ethylene promotes seed germination and counteracts the inhibition of endosperm cap weakening by abscisic acid.

Article in PDF format (1.8 MB)
Supplemental data file (1.8 MB)
Abstract of Plant Cell 2009

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The Plant Cell 21: 3803-3822 (2009)

Ethylene interacts with abscisic acid to regulate endosperm rupture during germination: a comparative approach using Lepidium sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana [W][OA]

**Ethylene interacts with abscisic acid to regulate endosperm rupture during germination: a comparative approach using Lepidium sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana ^[W][OA]**